Many individuals suffer with dark spots and hyper-pigmentation, which leads to skin tine which appears duller and uneven. This is caused by an accumulation of melanin in your skin; skin brightening agents work to block the enzyme which is generally responsible for the overproduction of melanin.
- Hydroquinone: This is a “skin lightener”, which helps with spots due to hyperpigmentation, sun, age, or acne scarring. It works by helping to break up areas of excess pigmentation. However, it was recently found to be carcinogenic by the FDA, so it’s one to keep away from.
- Interestingly, Licorice extracts work in a very similar way, but doesn’t have the carcinogenic properties.
- Arbutin: Arbutin blocks the enzyme tyrosinase, the enzyme that helps create sun spots. It’s also more gentle than some other skin brightening agents on the market, and is considered to be pregnancy friendly. You’ll generally see two types on the market; alpha-arbutin and beta-arbutin. Stay away from beta-arbutin – it’s less stable and therefore, less effective than alpha-arbutin
- Kojic Acid: While generally paired with other lightening or exfoliating ingredients, this ingredient also blocks tyrosinase, but also has antioxidant properties. Most experts recommend starting once or twice a week, and working your way up, as it can be drying and irritating, especially for those with sensitive skin
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